MANEJO DE LA EXTRACCIÓN DENTAL EN PACIENTES SOMETIDOS A TERAPIA ANTICOAGULANTE: UNA REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31984/oactiva.v6i2.566Palabras clave:
warfarina, Anticoagulantes, Anticoagulante oral directo, Extracción dental, Cirugía oralResumen
En los últimos años la extracción de piezas dentales en pacientes que consumen anticoagulantes ha aumentado, y con ello también la necesidad de nuevos estudios que nos permitan conocer cómo abordar dichos casos. La terapia anticoagulante oral se utiliza para prevenir enfermedades de tipo tromboembólico. Entre los anticoagulantes tenemos los Antagonistas de la vitamina K y los Anticoagulantes directos orales. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el tipo de manejo que necesita un paciente anticoagulado, además de las limitaciones, indicaciones y medidas hemostáticas para la extracción dental en estos pacientes. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases digitales de Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane y SciELO, obteniendo un total de 2176 artículos que luego de la implementación de criterios de inclusión y exclusión dio como resultado 59 artículos para esta revisión bibliográfica. El manejo en estos pacientes debe realizarse con suma cautela tomando en cuenta su estado sistémico, se realizará la extracción de manera segura sin suspensión ni modificación del medicamento, cuando se ha planificado la intervención quirúrgica con una técnica atraumática de una a tres piezas y el INR es ≤3.5. Es fundamental para el odontólogo tener el conocimiento actualizado del trato a pacientes anticoagulados y sus complicaciones hemorrágicas.
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2. Ahmed I, Younis M, Shah AA. Extraction in Patients on Oral Anticoagulant Therapy With and without Stopping the Drug: A Comparative Study. Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery. 2019;18(4):555–558.
3. Motta RHL, Bergamaschi CDC, De Andrade NK, Guimaraes CC, Ramacciato JC, Araújo JDO, et al. Bleeding risk in patients using oral anticoagulants submitted to surgical procedures in dentistry: A systematic review protocol. BMJ Open [Internet]. diciembre de 2017;7(12). Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29259064/
4. Berton F, Costantinides F, Rizzo R, Franco A, Contarin J, Stacchi C, et al. Should we fear direct oral anticoagulants more than vitamin K antagonists in simple single tooth extraction? A prospective comparative study. Clinical Oral Investigations. agosto de 2019;23(8):3183–3192.
5. Rubino RT, Dawson DR, Kryscio RJ, Al-Sabbagh M, Miller CS. Postoperative bleeding associated with antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs: A retrospective study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology. septiembre de 2019;128(3):243-9.
6. Shi Q, Xu J, Zhang T, Zhang B, Liu H. Postoperative Bleeding Risk in Dental Surgery for Patients on Oral Anticoagulant Therapy: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Frontiers in Pharmacology. febrero de 2017;08(FEB):58.
7. Bensi C, Belli S, Paradiso D, Lomurno G. Postoperative bleeding risk of direct oral anticoagulants after oral surgery procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1 de julio de 2018;47(7):923-32.
8. Manfredi M, Dave B, Percudani D, Christoforou J, Karasneh J, Diz Dios P, et al. World workshop on oral medicine VII: Direct anticoagulant agents management for invasive oral procedures: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Oral Diseases. junio de 2019;25(S1):157–173.
9. ichi Yamada S, Hasegawa T, Soutome S, Yoshimura H, Miyakoshi M, Ueda N, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for postoperative hemorrhage after lower third molar extraction on warfarin therapy: a multicenter retrospective study in Japan. Odontology. 2020;108(3):462–469.
10. Molina Castaño D, Campos Quesada M, Núñez Guerrero A. Historia de los anticoagulantes y su uso clínico en el presente. Rev.méd.sinerg. 1 de febrero de 2020;5(2):e365.
11. Lombardi N, Varoni EM, Sorrentino D, Lodi G. International normalized ratio (INR) values in patients receiving oral vitamin K antagonists and undergoing oral surgery: A clinical audit. Spec Care Dentist. julio de 2020;40(4):374-81.
12. Nieves Bel Peña. Guía para el seguimiento Farmacológico Individualizado en Personas con Tratamiento de Anticoagulación Oral (v.2).
13. Hanken H, Gröbe A, Heiland M, Smeets R, Kluwe L, Wikner J, et al. Postoperative bleeding risk for oral surgery under continued rivaroxaban anticoagulant therapy. Clin Oral Investig. julio de 2016;20(6):1279-82.
14. Yang S, Shi Q, Liu J, Li J, Xu J. Should oral anticoagulant therapy be continued during dental extraction? A meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2016;16(1):1–9.
15. Ruiz Gutiérrez MF, Oliva Mella P, Universidad del Desarrollo, Universidad del Desarrollo. Manejo de pacientes con terapia anticoagulante sometidos a extracciones dentales: una revisión sistemática. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioq [Internet]. febrero de 2016 [citado 18 de septiembre de 2020];27(2). Disponible en: https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/odont/article/view/16368
16. Inokoshi M, Kubota K, Yamaga E, Ueda K, Minakuchi S. Postoperative bleeding after dental extraction among elderly patients under anticoagulant therapy. Clin Oral Invest [Internet]. 1 de septiembre de 2020 [citado 19 de septiembre de 2020]; Disponible en: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00784-020-03559-z
17. Morimoto Y, Yokoe C, Imai Y, Sugihara M, Futatsuki T. Tooth extraction in patients taking nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. Journal of Dental Sciences. 2016;11(1):59–64.
18. Rai S, Rattan V. Efficacy of Feracrylum as Topical Hemostatic Agent in Therapeutically Anticoagulated Patients Undergoing Dental Extraction: A Comparative Study. Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery. 2019;18(4):579–583.
19. Lukacs D, Staczer N, Vajta L, Olasz L, Joob-Fancsaly A, Szalma J. Dental and Oral Surgical Treatment of Medication-Induced Bleeding Patients: Audit of the National Guideline in Hungary. Orvosi Hetilap. octubre de 2016;157(43):1722–1728.
20. Schmitt C, Rusche B, Clemm R, Neukam F, Buchbender M. Management of anticoagulated patients in dentoalveolar surgery: a clinical comparative study. Clinical Oral Investigations. noviembre de 2019;1–10.
21. Yagyuu T, Kawakami M, Ueyama Y, Imada M, Kurihara M, Matsusue Y, et al. Risks of postextraction bleeding after receiving direct oral anticoagulants or warfarin: A retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(8):1–8.
22. Rocha AL, Oliveira SR, Souza AF, Travassos DV, Abreu LG, Ribeiro DD, et al. Bleeding assessment in oral surgery: A cohort study comparing individuals on anticoagulant therapy and a non-anticoagulated group. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 1 de mayo de 2019;47(5):798-804.
23. Hakata K, Okubo M, Hasegawa T, Izumi S, Komiyama Y, Uchida D, et al. Alterations of serum vitamin K levels and prothrombin time-international normalized ratio during tooth extractions among patients receiving warfarin. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology. noviembre de 2018;30(6):550–553.
24. Clark NP, Douketis JD, Hasselblad V, Schulman S, Kindzelski AL, Ortel TL. Predictors of perioperative major bleeding in patients who interrupt warfarin for an elective surgery or procedure: Analysis of the BRIDGE trial. American Heart Journal. enero de 2018;195:108-14.
25. Erden İ, Erden EÇ, Aksu T, Gölcük ŞE, Turan B, Erkol A, et al. Comparison of uninterrupted warfarin and bridging therapy using low-molecular weight heparin with respect to the severity of bleeding after dental extractions in patients with prosthetic valves. Anatolian Journal of Cardiology. 2016;16(7):467–473.
26. Lu SY, Lin LH, Hsue SS. Management of dental extractions in patients on warfarin and antiplatelet therapy. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2018;117(11):979–986.
27. Cabbar F, Cabbar AT, Coşansu K, Çekirdekçi Eİ. Effects of Direct Oral Anticoagulants on Quality of Life During Periprocedural Management for Dental Extractions. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. mayo de 2019;77(5):904–911.
28. Lee J-S, Kim M-K, Kang S-H. Effect of warfarin discontinuation on the incidence of postoperative bleeding in tooth extraction. JKAOMS. 31 de agosto de 2020;46(4):228-34.
29. Daroit NB, Festugatto FL, Beltrame LF, Maciel JCC, Rados PV. Analysis of profiles of patients on oral anticoagulants undergoing dental extraction - A retrospective study. JORDI - Journal of Oral Diagnosis. 2017;2(1):1–5.
30. Biedermann JS, Rademacher WMH, Hazendonk HCAM, van Diermen DE, Leebeek FWG, Rozema FR, et al. Predictors of oral cavity bleeding and clinical outcome after dental procedures in patients on vitamin K antagonists. A cohort study. Thromb Haemost. 27 de 2017;117(7):1432-9.
31. Febbo A, Cheng A, Stein B, Goss A, Sambrook P. Postoperative Bleeding Following Dental Extractions in Patients Anticoagulated With Warfarin. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. agosto de 2016;74(8):1518–1523.
32. Kataoka T, Hoshi K, Ando T. Is the HAS-BLED score useful in predicting post-extraction bleeding in patients taking warfarin? A retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(3).
33. Miclotte I, Vanhaverbeke M, Agbaje JO, Legrand P, Vanassche T, Verhamme P, et al. Pragmatic approach to manage new oral anticoagulants in patients undergoing dental extractions: a prospective case-control study. Clin Oral Investig. septiembre de 2017;21(7):2183-8.
34. Patel JP, Woolcombe SA, Patel RK, Obisesan O, Roberts LN, Bryant C, et al. Managing direct oral anticoagulants in patients undergoing dentoalveolar surgery. British Dental Journal. febrero de 2017;222(4):245–249.
35. Lanau N, Mareque J, Giner L, Zabalza M. Direct oral anticoagulants and its implications in dentistry. A review of literature. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;0-0.
36. Müller M, Schlittler F, Schaller B, Nagler M, Exadaktylos AK, Sauter TC. Characteristics, treatment and outcome of bleeding after tooth extraction in patients on DOAC and phenprocoumon compared to non-anticoagulated patients—a retrospective study of emergency department consultations. Clinical Oral Investigations. mayo de 2019;23(5):2273–2278.
37. Caliskan M, Tükel HC, Benlidayi ME, Deniz A. Is it necessary to alter anticoagulation therapy for tooth extraction in patients taking direct oral anticoagulants? Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal. noviembre de 2017;22(6):e767–e773.
38. Mauprivez C, Khonsari RH, Razouk O, Goudot P, Lesclous P, Descroix V. Management of dental extraction in patients undergoing anticoagulant oral direct treatment: a pilot study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology. noviembre de 2016;122(5):e146–e155.
39. Kwak EJ, Nam S, mee Park K, yul Kim S, Huh J, Park W. Bleeding related to dental treatment in patients taking novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs): a retrospective study. Clinical Oral Investigations. enero de 2019;23(1):477–484.
40. Brennan Y, Gu Y, Schifter M, Crowther H, Favaloro EJ, Curnow J. Dental extractions on direct oral anticoagulants vs. warfarin: The DENTST study. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. febrero de 2020;4(2):278–284.
41. Lababidi E, Breik O, Savage J, Engelbrecht H, Kumar R, Crossley CW. Assessing an oral surgery specific protocol for patients on direct oral anticoagulants: a retrospective controlled cohort study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. julio de 2018;47(7):940-6.
42. Cocero N, Basso M, Grosso S, Carossa S. Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Medical Comorbidities in Patients Needing Dental Extractions: Management of the Risk of Bleeding. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2019;77(3):463–470.
43. Yoshikawa H, Yoshida M, Yasaka M, Yoshida H, Murasato Y, Fukunaga D, et al. Safety of tooth extraction in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulant treatment versus warfarin: a prospective observation study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. agosto de 2019;48(8):1102-8.
44. Hasegawa T, Yanamoto S, Tachibana A, Kojima Y, Koyama Y, Maeda M, et al. The risk factors associated with postoperative hemorrhage after tooth extraction: a multi-center retrospective study of patients receiving oral antithrombotic therapy. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017;21(4):397–404.
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2. Ahmed I, Younis M, Shah AA. Extraction in Patients on Oral Anticoagulant Therapy With and without Stopping the Drug: A Comparative Study. Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery. 2019;18(4):555–558.
3. Motta RHL, Bergamaschi CDC, De Andrade NK, Guimaraes CC, Ramacciato JC, Araújo JDO, et al. Bleeding risk in patients using oral anticoagulants submitted to surgical procedures in dentistry: A systematic review protocol. BMJ Open [Internet]. diciembre de 2017;7(12). Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29259064/
4. Berton F, Costantinides F, Rizzo R, Franco A, Contarin J, Stacchi C, et al. Should we fear direct oral anticoagulants more than vitamin K antagonists in simple single tooth extraction? A prospective comparative study. Clinical Oral Investigations. agosto de 2019;23(8):3183–3192.
5. Rubino RT, Dawson DR, Kryscio RJ, Al-Sabbagh M, Miller CS. Postoperative bleeding associated with antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs: A retrospective study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology. septiembre de 2019;128(3):243-9.
6. Shi Q, Xu J, Zhang T, Zhang B, Liu H. Postoperative Bleeding Risk in Dental Surgery for Patients on Oral Anticoagulant Therapy: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Frontiers in Pharmacology. febrero de 2017;08(FEB):58.
7. Bensi C, Belli S, Paradiso D, Lomurno G. Postoperative bleeding risk of direct oral anticoagulants after oral surgery procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1 de julio de 2018;47(7):923-32.
8. Manfredi M, Dave B, Percudani D, Christoforou J, Karasneh J, Diz Dios P, et al. World workshop on oral medicine VII: Direct anticoagulant agents management for invasive oral procedures: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Oral Diseases. junio de 2019;25(S1):157–173.
9. ichi Yamada S, Hasegawa T, Soutome S, Yoshimura H, Miyakoshi M, Ueda N, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for postoperative hemorrhage after lower third molar extraction on warfarin therapy: a multicenter retrospective study in Japan. Odontology. 2020;108(3):462–469.
10. Molina Castaño D, Campos Quesada M, Núñez Guerrero A. Historia de los anticoagulantes y su uso clínico en el presente. Rev.méd.sinerg. 1 de febrero de 2020;5(2):e365.
11. Lombardi N, Varoni EM, Sorrentino D, Lodi G. International normalized ratio (INR) values in patients receiving oral vitamin K antagonists and undergoing oral surgery: A clinical audit. Spec Care Dentist. julio de 2020;40(4):374-81.
12. Nieves Bel Peña. Guía para el seguimiento Farmacológico Individualizado en Personas con Tratamiento de Anticoagulación Oral (v.2).
13. Hanken H, Gröbe A, Heiland M, Smeets R, Kluwe L, Wikner J, et al. Postoperative bleeding risk for oral surgery under continued rivaroxaban anticoagulant therapy. Clin Oral Investig. julio de 2016;20(6):1279-82.
14. Yang S, Shi Q, Liu J, Li J, Xu J. Should oral anticoagulant therapy be continued during dental extraction? A meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2016;16(1):1–9.
15. Ruiz Gutiérrez MF, Oliva Mella P, Universidad del Desarrollo, Universidad del Desarrollo. Manejo de pacientes con terapia anticoagulante sometidos a extracciones dentales: una revisión sistemática. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioq [Internet]. febrero de 2016 [citado 18 de septiembre de 2020];27(2). Disponible en: https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/odont/article/view/16368
16. Inokoshi M, Kubota K, Yamaga E, Ueda K, Minakuchi S. Postoperative bleeding after dental extraction among elderly patients under anticoagulant therapy. Clin Oral Invest [Internet]. 1 de septiembre de 2020 [citado 19 de septiembre de 2020]; Disponible en: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00784-020-03559-z
17. Morimoto Y, Yokoe C, Imai Y, Sugihara M, Futatsuki T. Tooth extraction in patients taking nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. Journal of Dental Sciences. 2016;11(1):59–64.
18. Rai S, Rattan V. Efficacy of Feracrylum as Topical Hemostatic Agent in Therapeutically Anticoagulated Patients Undergoing Dental Extraction: A Comparative Study. Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery. 2019;18(4):579–583.
19. Lukacs D, Staczer N, Vajta L, Olasz L, Joob-Fancsaly A, Szalma J. Dental and Oral Surgical Treatment of Medication-Induced Bleeding Patients: Audit of the National Guideline in Hungary. Orvosi Hetilap. octubre de 2016;157(43):1722–1728.
20. Schmitt C, Rusche B, Clemm R, Neukam F, Buchbender M. Management of anticoagulated patients in dentoalveolar surgery: a clinical comparative study. Clinical Oral Investigations. noviembre de 2019;1–10.
21. Yagyuu T, Kawakami M, Ueyama Y, Imada M, Kurihara M, Matsusue Y, et al. Risks of postextraction bleeding after receiving direct oral anticoagulants or warfarin: A retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(8):1–8.
22. Rocha AL, Oliveira SR, Souza AF, Travassos DV, Abreu LG, Ribeiro DD, et al. Bleeding assessment in oral surgery: A cohort study comparing individuals on anticoagulant therapy and a non-anticoagulated group. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 1 de mayo de 2019;47(5):798-804.
23. Hakata K, Okubo M, Hasegawa T, Izumi S, Komiyama Y, Uchida D, et al. Alterations of serum vitamin K levels and prothrombin time-international normalized ratio during tooth extractions among patients receiving warfarin. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology. noviembre de 2018;30(6):550–553.
24. Clark NP, Douketis JD, Hasselblad V, Schulman S, Kindzelski AL, Ortel TL. Predictors of perioperative major bleeding in patients who interrupt warfarin for an elective surgery or procedure: Analysis of the BRIDGE trial. American Heart Journal. enero de 2018;195:108-14.
25. Erden İ, Erden EÇ, Aksu T, Gölcük ŞE, Turan B, Erkol A, et al. Comparison of uninterrupted warfarin and bridging therapy using low-molecular weight heparin with respect to the severity of bleeding after dental extractions in patients with prosthetic valves. Anatolian Journal of Cardiology. 2016;16(7):467–473.
26. Lu SY, Lin LH, Hsue SS. Management of dental extractions in patients on warfarin and antiplatelet therapy. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2018;117(11):979–986.
27. Cabbar F, Cabbar AT, Coşansu K, Çekirdekçi Eİ. Effects of Direct Oral Anticoagulants on Quality of Life During Periprocedural Management for Dental Extractions. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. mayo de 2019;77(5):904–911.
28. Lee J-S, Kim M-K, Kang S-H. Effect of warfarin discontinuation on the incidence of postoperative bleeding in tooth extraction. JKAOMS. 31 de agosto de 2020;46(4):228-34.
29. Daroit NB, Festugatto FL, Beltrame LF, Maciel JCC, Rados PV. Analysis of profiles of patients on oral anticoagulants undergoing dental extraction - A retrospective study. JORDI - Journal of Oral Diagnosis. 2017;2(1):1–5.
30. Biedermann JS, Rademacher WMH, Hazendonk HCAM, van Diermen DE, Leebeek FWG, Rozema FR, et al. Predictors of oral cavity bleeding and clinical outcome after dental procedures in patients on vitamin K antagonists. A cohort study. Thromb Haemost. 27 de 2017;117(7):1432-9.
31. Febbo A, Cheng A, Stein B, Goss A, Sambrook P. Postoperative Bleeding Following Dental Extractions in Patients Anticoagulated With Warfarin. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. agosto de 2016;74(8):1518–1523.
32. Kataoka T, Hoshi K, Ando T. Is the HAS-BLED score useful in predicting post-extraction bleeding in patients taking warfarin? A retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(3).
33. Miclotte I, Vanhaverbeke M, Agbaje JO, Legrand P, Vanassche T, Verhamme P, et al. Pragmatic approach to manage new oral anticoagulants in patients undergoing dental extractions: a prospective case-control study. Clin Oral Investig. septiembre de 2017;21(7):2183-8.
34. Patel JP, Woolcombe SA, Patel RK, Obisesan O, Roberts LN, Bryant C, et al. Managing direct oral anticoagulants in patients undergoing dentoalveolar surgery. British Dental Journal. febrero de 2017;222(4):245–249.
35. Lanau N, Mareque J, Giner L, Zabalza M. Direct oral anticoagulants and its implications in dentistry. A review of literature. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;0-0.
36. Müller M, Schlittler F, Schaller B, Nagler M, Exadaktylos AK, Sauter TC. Characteristics, treatment and outcome of bleeding after tooth extraction in patients on DOAC and phenprocoumon compared to non-anticoagulated patients—a retrospective study of emergency department consultations. Clinical Oral Investigations. mayo de 2019;23(5):2273–2278.
37. Caliskan M, Tükel HC, Benlidayi ME, Deniz A. Is it necessary to alter anticoagulation therapy for tooth extraction in patients taking direct oral anticoagulants? Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal. noviembre de 2017;22(6):e767–e773.
38. Mauprivez C, Khonsari RH, Razouk O, Goudot P, Lesclous P, Descroix V. Management of dental extraction in patients undergoing anticoagulant oral direct treatment: a pilot study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology. noviembre de 2016;122(5):e146–e155.
39. Kwak EJ, Nam S, mee Park K, yul Kim S, Huh J, Park W. Bleeding related to dental treatment in patients taking novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs): a retrospective study. Clinical Oral Investigations. enero de 2019;23(1):477–484.
40. Brennan Y, Gu Y, Schifter M, Crowther H, Favaloro EJ, Curnow J. Dental extractions on direct oral anticoagulants vs. warfarin: The DENTST study. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. febrero de 2020;4(2):278–284.
41. Lababidi E, Breik O, Savage J, Engelbrecht H, Kumar R, Crossley CW. Assessing an oral surgery specific protocol for patients on direct oral anticoagulants: a retrospective controlled cohort study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. julio de 2018;47(7):940-6.
42. Cocero N, Basso M, Grosso S, Carossa S. Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Medical Comorbidities in Patients Needing Dental Extractions: Management of the Risk of Bleeding. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2019;77(3):463–470.
43. Yoshikawa H, Yoshida M, Yasaka M, Yoshida H, Murasato Y, Fukunaga D, et al. Safety of tooth extraction in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulant treatment versus warfarin: a prospective observation study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. agosto de 2019;48(8):1102-8.
44. Hasegawa T, Yanamoto S, Tachibana A, Kojima Y, Koyama Y, Maeda M, et al. The risk factors associated with postoperative hemorrhage after tooth extraction: a multi-center retrospective study of patients receiving oral antithrombotic therapy. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017;21(4):397–404.
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2021-05-12
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Yamunaque Vire, J. M. (2021). MANEJO DE LA EXTRACCIÓN DENTAL EN PACIENTES SOMETIDOS A TERAPIA ANTICOAGULANTE: UNA REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA. Odontología Activa Revista Científica, 6(2), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.31984/oactiva.v6i2.566
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