PREVALENCE OF MALOCLUSIONS IN SCHOOLCHILDREN OF 12 YEARS OLD AT MACHANGARA CUENCA, 2016

Abstract

OBJECTIVEDetermine the prevalence of malocclusions in 12 years old schoolchildren from the Machángara parish of the city of Cuenca, 2016. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective cross-sectional study of 184 epidemiological records from the research unit of the Universidad Católica de Cuenca of clinical evaluation at the sagittal, transverse and vertical planes, using a simple random probability sampling using formula for prevalence, odds ratio and Chi square. The variables gender, school management and type of malocclusion were analyzed. RESULTS. The prevalence was 81% of malocclusion, the distribution of malocclusion according to gender was 83% female and 79% male; And in relation to school management we obtained 81% malocclusion in fiscal schools and 75% in fiscomision schools. The most frequent type of malocclusion was Class I with 38% followed by Class II -1 with 29%, Class III with 26% and Class II-2 with 8%. The most frequent clinical characteristics were 48% straight profile; 72% normodivergence; 38% Class I molar ratio; 43% Class I canine relationship; 66% overjet and normal overbite; 93% absence of posterior crossbite and 88% Anterior; 5% open bite; 11% presence of diastemas and 53% presence of crowding. CONCLUSION. There is a high prevalence of dental malocclusions in female schoolchildren from tax schools, of which they presented a high frequency of clinical characteristics of malocclusion.