Multiple Extractions in the Context of COVID 19: Clinical Case Report of a Fourth Molar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31984/oactiva.v7i1.729Keywords:
COVID-19, fourth molar, distomolar, third molar, oral surgeryAbstract
The fourth molar, also called distomolar or retromolar due to its location distal or posterior to the third molars, is a variant of number and shape that occurs during odontogenesis. By means of the present clinical case, a 22-year-old female patient who attended the dental office of the University of Cuenca School of Dentistry was treated, with the need to have her third molars extracted in a single appointment due to the limitations of COVID-19 and in which the presence of a fourth molar was found in the radiographic exploration. Within the procedure, the osteotomy technique was used for the surgical extraction of the fourth molar in order to prevent displacement towards the maxillary sinus, in addition, the supplementation of antibiotics to analgesic therapy was considered to minimize possible postoperative complications. After the surgical procedure, consultative teleodontology follow-ups were carried out by means of a telephone call in order to supervise the adequate intake of medications and verify the evolution of the patient.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Declaración sobre la segunda reunión del Comité de Emergencias del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional (2005) acerca del brote del nuevo coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 16]. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news/item/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
2. Aportes interinstitucionales permitieron la generación del “Protocolo para Atención Odontológica durante la Emergencia Sanitaria por COVID -19” – ACESS [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 16]. Available from: http://www.calidadsalud.gob.ec/aportes-interinstitucionales-permitieron-la-generacion-del-protocolo-para-atencion-odontologica-durante-la-emergencia-sanitaria-por-covid-19/
3. Protocolo para atención odontológica en emergencias y urgencias odontológicas durante la emergencia sanitaria por COVID – 19 [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 16]. Available from: https://www.salud.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/PROTOCOLO-PARA-ATENCI%C3%93N-ODONTOL%C3%93GICA-EN-EMERGENCIAS-Y-URGENCIAS-ODONTOL%C3%93GICAS-DURANTE-LA-EMERGENCIA-SANITARIA-POR-COVID-19.pdf
4. Monje Gil F, Cebrián Carretero JL, López-Cedrún Cembranos JL, Redondo Alamillos M, Valdés Beltrán A, Almeida Parra F, et al. Manejo de pacientes en cirugía oral y maxilofacial durante el periodo de crisis y de control posterior de la pandemia de COVID-19. Rev Esp Cirug Oral y Maxilofac. 2020;42(2):51–9.
5. Banakar M, Bagheri Lankarani K, Jafarpour D, Moayedi S, Banakar MH, MohammadSadeghi A. COVID-19 transmission risk and protective protocols in dentistry: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2020 Oct 8;20(1):1–12.
6. Krause PR, Fleming TR, Peto R, Longini IM, Figueroa JP, Sterne JAC, et al. Consideraciones para potenciar la respuesta inmunitaria a la vacuna COVID-19. Lancet [Internet]. 2021; 398 (10308): 1377–80. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02046-8
7. Vázquez Mosqueyra VM, Espinosa Meléndez MT, Hernández Flores F. Presencia del cuarto molar. Revisión de la literatura. Revista Odontológica Mexicana [Internet]. 2018 Jun 18 [cited 2021 Nov 16];22(2). Available from: http://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/rom/article/view/65266
8. Murillo MPO. Dientes supernumerarios. Reporte de un caso clínico. Rev Odont Mex. 2013;17(2):91–6.
9. Bamgbose BO, Okada S, Hisatomi M, Yanagi Y, Takeshita Y, Abdu ZS, et al. Fourth molar: A retrospective study and literature review of a rare clinical entity. Imaging Sci Dent. 2019 Mar;49(1):27.
10. Karikal A, Karikal A. Fourth molar tooth in the mandible: A rare case report. SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences. 2014 Oct 1;5(4):280.
11. Fernández Montenegro P, Valmaseda Castellón E, Berini Aytés L, Gay Escoda C. Estudio retrospectivo de 145 dientes supernumerarios. Med oral patol oral cir.bucal (Internet). 2006;11(4):339–44.
12. Gay Escoda C, Mateos Micas M, España Tost A, Gargallo Albiol J. Otras inclusiones dentarias. Mesiodens y otros dientes supernumerarios. Dientes temporales supernumerarios. Dientes temporales incluidos. In: Gay Escoda C, Aytés Berini L, editors. Tratado de Cirugía Bucal. Tomo I. 1ª ed. Madrid: Ergon; 2004. p. 497-534.
13. Cavalcanti AL, de Alencar CR, de Carvalho Neto LG. Bilateral maxillary and mandibular fourth molars: a case report and literature review. J Investig Clin Dent [Internet]. 2011 Nov [cited 2021 Nov 18];2(4). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25426903/
14. Ohata H, Hayashi K, Iwamoto M, Muramatsu K, Watanabe A, Narita M, et al. Three cases of distomolars. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2021 Nov 18];54(4). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24521552/
15. Nascimento Silva D, Ferraro-Bezerra M, Barbosa Guimarães K, Hernández Cancino CM. Cuartos molares supernumerarios: relato de caso clínico. Rev Cubana Estomatol. 2006;43(1):0–0.
16. Dăguci C, Burlibaşa M, Mărgărit R, Tănăsescu LA, Dăguci L, Bătăiosu M, et al. Maxillary distomolars: case reports, differential diagnosis and literature review. Rom J Morphol Embryol [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Nov 18];58(4). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29556665/
17. SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class research journals [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 18]. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/action/cookieAbsent
18. Rahnama M, Szyszkowska A, Pulawska M, Szczerba-Gwozdz J. A rare case of retained fourth molar teeth in maxilla and mandible. Case report. Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences. 2014 Jun 1;27(2):118–20.
19. Pereira VX, Silva AP da, Carlesso JS, Campos MF. A rare case of a maxillary fourth molar: Case report. J Hum Growth Dev. 2019;29(1):125–8.
20. Desarrollo4App SL. Indicaciones actuales de la extracción del tercer molar [Internet]. [cited 2021 Dec 12]. Available from: https://rcoe.es/articulo/27/indicaciones-actuales-de-la-extraccion-del-tercer-molar
21. Clementini M, Ottria L, Pandolfi C, Agrestini C, Barlattani A. Four impacted fourth molars in a young patient: a case report. Oral Implantol . 2012;5(4):100.
22. Kämmerer PW, Al-Nawas B. La extracción quirúrgica de terceros molares. Quintessence (ed esp). 2012 Feb 1;25(2):69–75.
23. PROTOCOLO DE BIOSEGURIDAD PARA LA ATENCIÓN EN LA CLÍNICA DE LA FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGÍA [Internet]. [cited 2021 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.ucuenca.edu.ec/images/NOTICIASINSTITUCION/2021/SEPTIEMBRE/retorno/protocolo/Anexo-12---Odontologia.pdf
24. Ali S, Farooq I, Abdelsalam M, AlHumaid J. Covid-19 Pandemic and Challenges of Dentistry: Current Clinical Dental Practice Guidelines and the Financial Impact of COVID-19 on Dental Care Providers. Eur J Dent. 2020 Dec;14(Suppl 1):S140.
25. de la Salud OM. Los servicios esenciales de salud bucodental en el contexto marco de la COVID-19: orientaciones provisionales, 3 de agosto de 2020 [Internet]. Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2020 [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Report No.: WHO/2019-nCoV/Oral_health/2020.1. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/333740
26. COVID-19: Current cases [Internet]. [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus/covid-19-data-and-statistics/covid-19-current-cases
27. ABS-CBN News. Dentistry during Luzon lockdown: Emergency procedures only, triaging before treatment [Internet]. ABS-CBN News. 2020 [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Available from: https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/13/20/dentistry-during-luzon-lockdown-emergency-procedures-only-triaging-before-treatment
28. COVID-19: Managing infection risks during in-person dental care [Internet]. [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.rcdso.org/en-ca/rcdso-members/2019-novel-coronavirus/covid-19--managing-infection-risks-during-in-person-care
29. Department of Medical Services Ministry of Public Health Thailand. Dental Treatment in the Situation of the Outbreak of COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020. [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Available online at: http://dentalcouncil.or.th/images/uploads/file/5F7VSJ8HPWBYTSNS.pdf
30. Swiss Dental Association SSO. Covid-19 Vorgaben zum Betrieb einer Zahnarztpraxis während der Covid-19 Pandemie[Internet]. 2020. [cited 2021 Dec 20].Available online at: https://www.sso.ch/fileadmin/upload_sso/5_Newsletter/2020/Covid-19-Positionspapier-5-6_D.pdf
31. Federal Ministry of Health. Covid-19: guidelines/Standard Operational Procedures for Dental Practice I Nigeria [Internet]. 2020. [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Available online at: https://www.health.gov.ng/doc/COVID-19-FOR-DENTAL-PRACTICE-IN-NIGERIA.pdf
32. Japan Dental Association. Message to Patients: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [Internet]. 2020. [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Available online at: https://www.jda.or.jp/en/pdf/Message-to-Patients.pdf
33. Jiang CM, Duangthip D, Auychai P, Chiba M, Folayan MO, Hamama HHH, et al. Changes in Oral Health Policies and Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Oral Health [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Dec 10];0. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/froh.2021.668444
34. Toledano-Serrabona J, Cascos-Romero J, Gay-Escoda C. Accidental dental displacement into the maxillary sinus during extraction maneuvers: a case series. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal. 2021 Jan;26(1):e102.
35. Shahrour R, Shah P, Withana T, Jung J, Syed AZ. Oroantral communication, its causes, complications, treatments and radiographic features: A pictorial review. Imaging Sci Dent [Internet]. 2021 Sep [cited 2021 Nov 19];51(3). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34621658/
36. Asher Ah Tong Lim, BDS, MDS .Chin Wee Wong, BDS. John C. Allen Jr. Maxillary Third Molar: Patterns of Impaction and Their Relation to Oroantral Perforation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(5):1035–9.
37. Lewusz-Butkiewicz K, Kaczor K, Nowicka A. Risk factors in oroantral communication while extracting the upper third molar: Systematic review. Dental and medical problems [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Nov 19];55(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30152638/
38. Cervino G, Cicciù M, Biondi A, Bocchieri S, Herford AS, Laino L, et al. Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Third Molar Extraction: Systematic Review of Recent Data. Antibiotics [Internet]. 2019 Jun [cited 2021 Dec 15];8(2). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627726/
39. Menon RK, Gopinath D, Li KY, Leung YY, Botelho MG. Does the use of amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in third molar surgery reduce the risk of postoperative infection? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2019 Feb [cited 2021 Dec 14];48(2). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30145064/
40. Marinkovic D, Azócar D, Romo L. Terapia antibiótica postoperatoria en pacientes sanos sometidos a cirugía de terceros molares impactados. Int j interdiscip dent. 2020;13(3):186–90.
41. Sillet M, Orellana A, Salazar E. ¿Es realmente necesaria la antibióticoterapia profiláctica en la cirugía del tercer molar? Acta Odontol Venez. 2009;47(3):69–73.
2. Aportes interinstitucionales permitieron la generación del “Protocolo para Atención Odontológica durante la Emergencia Sanitaria por COVID -19” – ACESS [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 16]. Available from: http://www.calidadsalud.gob.ec/aportes-interinstitucionales-permitieron-la-generacion-del-protocolo-para-atencion-odontologica-durante-la-emergencia-sanitaria-por-covid-19/
3. Protocolo para atención odontológica en emergencias y urgencias odontológicas durante la emergencia sanitaria por COVID – 19 [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 16]. Available from: https://www.salud.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/PROTOCOLO-PARA-ATENCI%C3%93N-ODONTOL%C3%93GICA-EN-EMERGENCIAS-Y-URGENCIAS-ODONTOL%C3%93GICAS-DURANTE-LA-EMERGENCIA-SANITARIA-POR-COVID-19.pdf
4. Monje Gil F, Cebrián Carretero JL, López-Cedrún Cembranos JL, Redondo Alamillos M, Valdés Beltrán A, Almeida Parra F, et al. Manejo de pacientes en cirugía oral y maxilofacial durante el periodo de crisis y de control posterior de la pandemia de COVID-19. Rev Esp Cirug Oral y Maxilofac. 2020;42(2):51–9.
5. Banakar M, Bagheri Lankarani K, Jafarpour D, Moayedi S, Banakar MH, MohammadSadeghi A. COVID-19 transmission risk and protective protocols in dentistry: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2020 Oct 8;20(1):1–12.
6. Krause PR, Fleming TR, Peto R, Longini IM, Figueroa JP, Sterne JAC, et al. Consideraciones para potenciar la respuesta inmunitaria a la vacuna COVID-19. Lancet [Internet]. 2021; 398 (10308): 1377–80. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02046-8
7. Vázquez Mosqueyra VM, Espinosa Meléndez MT, Hernández Flores F. Presencia del cuarto molar. Revisión de la literatura. Revista Odontológica Mexicana [Internet]. 2018 Jun 18 [cited 2021 Nov 16];22(2). Available from: http://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/rom/article/view/65266
8. Murillo MPO. Dientes supernumerarios. Reporte de un caso clínico. Rev Odont Mex. 2013;17(2):91–6.
9. Bamgbose BO, Okada S, Hisatomi M, Yanagi Y, Takeshita Y, Abdu ZS, et al. Fourth molar: A retrospective study and literature review of a rare clinical entity. Imaging Sci Dent. 2019 Mar;49(1):27.
10. Karikal A, Karikal A. Fourth molar tooth in the mandible: A rare case report. SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences. 2014 Oct 1;5(4):280.
11. Fernández Montenegro P, Valmaseda Castellón E, Berini Aytés L, Gay Escoda C. Estudio retrospectivo de 145 dientes supernumerarios. Med oral patol oral cir.bucal (Internet). 2006;11(4):339–44.
12. Gay Escoda C, Mateos Micas M, España Tost A, Gargallo Albiol J. Otras inclusiones dentarias. Mesiodens y otros dientes supernumerarios. Dientes temporales supernumerarios. Dientes temporales incluidos. In: Gay Escoda C, Aytés Berini L, editors. Tratado de Cirugía Bucal. Tomo I. 1ª ed. Madrid: Ergon; 2004. p. 497-534.
13. Cavalcanti AL, de Alencar CR, de Carvalho Neto LG. Bilateral maxillary and mandibular fourth molars: a case report and literature review. J Investig Clin Dent [Internet]. 2011 Nov [cited 2021 Nov 18];2(4). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25426903/
14. Ohata H, Hayashi K, Iwamoto M, Muramatsu K, Watanabe A, Narita M, et al. Three cases of distomolars. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2021 Nov 18];54(4). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24521552/
15. Nascimento Silva D, Ferraro-Bezerra M, Barbosa Guimarães K, Hernández Cancino CM. Cuartos molares supernumerarios: relato de caso clínico. Rev Cubana Estomatol. 2006;43(1):0–0.
16. Dăguci C, Burlibaşa M, Mărgărit R, Tănăsescu LA, Dăguci L, Bătăiosu M, et al. Maxillary distomolars: case reports, differential diagnosis and literature review. Rom J Morphol Embryol [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Nov 18];58(4). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29556665/
17. SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class research journals [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 18]. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/action/cookieAbsent
18. Rahnama M, Szyszkowska A, Pulawska M, Szczerba-Gwozdz J. A rare case of retained fourth molar teeth in maxilla and mandible. Case report. Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences. 2014 Jun 1;27(2):118–20.
19. Pereira VX, Silva AP da, Carlesso JS, Campos MF. A rare case of a maxillary fourth molar: Case report. J Hum Growth Dev. 2019;29(1):125–8.
20. Desarrollo4App SL. Indicaciones actuales de la extracción del tercer molar [Internet]. [cited 2021 Dec 12]. Available from: https://rcoe.es/articulo/27/indicaciones-actuales-de-la-extraccion-del-tercer-molar
21. Clementini M, Ottria L, Pandolfi C, Agrestini C, Barlattani A. Four impacted fourth molars in a young patient: a case report. Oral Implantol . 2012;5(4):100.
22. Kämmerer PW, Al-Nawas B. La extracción quirúrgica de terceros molares. Quintessence (ed esp). 2012 Feb 1;25(2):69–75.
23. PROTOCOLO DE BIOSEGURIDAD PARA LA ATENCIÓN EN LA CLÍNICA DE LA FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGÍA [Internet]. [cited 2021 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.ucuenca.edu.ec/images/NOTICIASINSTITUCION/2021/SEPTIEMBRE/retorno/protocolo/Anexo-12---Odontologia.pdf
24. Ali S, Farooq I, Abdelsalam M, AlHumaid J. Covid-19 Pandemic and Challenges of Dentistry: Current Clinical Dental Practice Guidelines and the Financial Impact of COVID-19 on Dental Care Providers. Eur J Dent. 2020 Dec;14(Suppl 1):S140.
25. de la Salud OM. Los servicios esenciales de salud bucodental en el contexto marco de la COVID-19: orientaciones provisionales, 3 de agosto de 2020 [Internet]. Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2020 [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Report No.: WHO/2019-nCoV/Oral_health/2020.1. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/333740
26. COVID-19: Current cases [Internet]. [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus/covid-19-data-and-statistics/covid-19-current-cases
27. ABS-CBN News. Dentistry during Luzon lockdown: Emergency procedures only, triaging before treatment [Internet]. ABS-CBN News. 2020 [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Available from: https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/13/20/dentistry-during-luzon-lockdown-emergency-procedures-only-triaging-before-treatment
28. COVID-19: Managing infection risks during in-person dental care [Internet]. [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.rcdso.org/en-ca/rcdso-members/2019-novel-coronavirus/covid-19--managing-infection-risks-during-in-person-care
29. Department of Medical Services Ministry of Public Health Thailand. Dental Treatment in the Situation of the Outbreak of COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020. [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Available online at: http://dentalcouncil.or.th/images/uploads/file/5F7VSJ8HPWBYTSNS.pdf
30. Swiss Dental Association SSO. Covid-19 Vorgaben zum Betrieb einer Zahnarztpraxis während der Covid-19 Pandemie[Internet]. 2020. [cited 2021 Dec 20].Available online at: https://www.sso.ch/fileadmin/upload_sso/5_Newsletter/2020/Covid-19-Positionspapier-5-6_D.pdf
31. Federal Ministry of Health. Covid-19: guidelines/Standard Operational Procedures for Dental Practice I Nigeria [Internet]. 2020. [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Available online at: https://www.health.gov.ng/doc/COVID-19-FOR-DENTAL-PRACTICE-IN-NIGERIA.pdf
32. Japan Dental Association. Message to Patients: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [Internet]. 2020. [cited 2021 Dec 20]. Available online at: https://www.jda.or.jp/en/pdf/Message-to-Patients.pdf
33. Jiang CM, Duangthip D, Auychai P, Chiba M, Folayan MO, Hamama HHH, et al. Changes in Oral Health Policies and Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Oral Health [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Dec 10];0. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/froh.2021.668444
34. Toledano-Serrabona J, Cascos-Romero J, Gay-Escoda C. Accidental dental displacement into the maxillary sinus during extraction maneuvers: a case series. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal. 2021 Jan;26(1):e102.
35. Shahrour R, Shah P, Withana T, Jung J, Syed AZ. Oroantral communication, its causes, complications, treatments and radiographic features: A pictorial review. Imaging Sci Dent [Internet]. 2021 Sep [cited 2021 Nov 19];51(3). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34621658/
36. Asher Ah Tong Lim, BDS, MDS .Chin Wee Wong, BDS. John C. Allen Jr. Maxillary Third Molar: Patterns of Impaction and Their Relation to Oroantral Perforation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(5):1035–9.
37. Lewusz-Butkiewicz K, Kaczor K, Nowicka A. Risk factors in oroantral communication while extracting the upper third molar: Systematic review. Dental and medical problems [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Nov 19];55(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30152638/
38. Cervino G, Cicciù M, Biondi A, Bocchieri S, Herford AS, Laino L, et al. Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Third Molar Extraction: Systematic Review of Recent Data. Antibiotics [Internet]. 2019 Jun [cited 2021 Dec 15];8(2). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627726/
39. Menon RK, Gopinath D, Li KY, Leung YY, Botelho MG. Does the use of amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in third molar surgery reduce the risk of postoperative infection? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2019 Feb [cited 2021 Dec 14];48(2). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30145064/
40. Marinkovic D, Azócar D, Romo L. Terapia antibiótica postoperatoria en pacientes sanos sometidos a cirugía de terceros molares impactados. Int j interdiscip dent. 2020;13(3):186–90.
41. Sillet M, Orellana A, Salazar E. ¿Es realmente necesaria la antibióticoterapia profiláctica en la cirugía del tercer molar? Acta Odontol Venez. 2009;47(3):69–73.
Published
2022-01-31
ESTADISTICAS
- Abstract 1009
- DESCARGAR EN PDF (Español (España)) 1830
- HTML (Español (España)) 51
How to Cite
Zhingre Suárez, M., Román Alvarado, C., & Guillén Guerrero , P. (2022). Multiple Extractions in the Context of COVID 19: Clinical Case Report of a Fourth Molar. Odontología Activa Revista Científica, 7(1), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.31984/oactiva.v7i1.729
Issue
Section
Caso clínico
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Odontología Activa Revista Científica
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Se autoriza la reproducción total y parcial, y la citación del material que aparece en la revista, siempre y cuando se indique de manera explícita: nombre de la revista, nombre del autor(es), año, volumen, número y páginas del artículo fuente. Las ideas y afirmaciones consignadas por los autores están bajo su responsabilidad y no interpretan necesariamente las opiniones y políticas del Consejo Editorial de la Revista OActiva ni de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca.
La Revista OActiva utiliza la Licencia Creative Commons de Reconocimeinto-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0, que es la siguiente: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Internacional.
