Anemia por deficiencia de hierro y caries de infancia temprana: Revisión de la Literatura

Luis Antonio Vicuña Huaqui; Roxana Patricia López Ramos; Jorge Guillermo Castro Pérez

doi:10.31984/oactiva.v8i2.670

Autores/as

Luis Antonio Vicuña Huaqui Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Roxana Patricia López Ramos Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4374-9575
Jorge Guillermo Castro Pérez

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31984/oactiva.v8i2.670

Palabras clave:

Caries de infancia temprana, Anemia ferropénica, Preescolar

Resumen

El objetivo de esta revisión es describir la relación bidireccional entre la caries de infancia temprana (CIT) y la anemia por deficiencia de hierro. Se consultaron bases de datos como Medline, Science Direct y Scopus; se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos, estudio de casos y controles y estudios transversales. El incremento del nivel de citoquinas (IL-6 e IL-1) asociado a inflamación crónica por caries dental reduce la absorción intestinal de hierro (Fe) y la masticación deficiente asociado al dolor, disminuye la ingesta y trituración de alimentos con Fe. A nivel de esmalte, el Fe forma una capa resistente a la desmineralización e inhibe la colonización bacteriana, reemplaza el calcio en la hidroxiapatita; una reducción de Fe sistémico se asocia con alteración de la función secretora de las glándulas salivales, pigmentación dentaria alterada, reducción de capa ácido protectora. Se concluye que la CIT es un factor de riesgo en el desarrollo de anemia ferropénica y el hierro tiene un papel sobre la actividad de la caries dental;
sin embargo, aún es necesario desarrollar mayores estudios de corte longitudinal.

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Citas

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